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International Peace & Security Section
Pakistan: Rights Group Criticises Pakistan’s Climate Response Failures, Urging Global Action
Israel: UN Condemns Israel’s Ongoing Gaza Border Closures, Citing Humanitarian Crisis
North Korea: UN Official Warns of Ongoing Weapons Tests, Urges Return to Disarmament Talks
Kosovo: Kosovo Suffers Sharp Decline in Press Freedom, Now Ranks Lowest in Western Balkans
UN: Security Council Extends South Sudan Mission for One Year
UK: Court of Appeal Strikes Down Protest Law Change as Unlawful
On 5 May 2025, it was reported that the UK Court of Appeal on Friday upheld a previous ruling that declared 2023 protest regulations unlawful, dealing a major blow to government efforts to tighten restrictions on demonstrations. The case, led by civil liberties group Liberty, challenged then-Home Secretary Suella Braverman’s attempt to lower the threshold for police intervention in protests from “serious disruption” to “more than minor” disruption—despite Parliament rejecting such measures. The court found that this change unlawfully bypassed democratic processes and violated constitutional principles. Liberty welcomed the decision as a vital defense of protest rights and the rule of law, and called for the review and repeal of prosecutions under the invalid regulation. A final decision on revoking the legislation is expected soon.
https://www.jurist.org/news/2025/05/uk-court-of-appeal-confirms-anti-protest-law-is-unlawful/
ICJ: Sudan’s Case Against UAE Over Genocide Allegations Dismissed Due to Lack of Jurisdiction
On 5 May 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rejected Sudan’s request for provisional measures in its case against the United Arab Emirates (UAE) concerning alleged violations of the Genocide Convention. The Court found that it lacked jurisdiction because the UAE had entered a reservation to Article IX of the Convention, which excludes the ICJ’s jurisdiction. As no other legal basis for jurisdiction was presented, the case was removed from the Court’s docket. However, the ICJ emphasized that states remain bound by their obligations under the Genocide Convention, regardless of jurisdictional issues.
https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/197/197-20250505-pre-01-00-en.pdf
US: Appeals Court Blocks Trump-Era Attempt to End Humanitarian Parole for Thousands
On 5 May 2025, the US Court of Appeals for the First Circuit rejected former President Trump’s attempt to revoke temporary legal status for hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians, Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans living in the US. The court upheld a lower ruling that halted the termination of these humanitarian parole programs, which had been introduced under President Biden’s “Keeping Families Together” initiative. The court found that immigration law requires parole decisions to be made individually, not through broad, categorical terminations. The Trump administration may now seek review by the US Supreme Court.
Spain: Supreme Court Dismisses Tax Charges Against Former King Juan Carlos
On 5 May 2025, Spain’s Supreme Court dismissed five tax violation charges against former King Juan Carlos, citing a lack of new evidence and affirming a 2022 prosecutorial decision to exonerate him after he paid over €5 million to settle undeclared income. The court rejected a legal challenge arguing only courts—not prosecutors—can dismiss criminal liability, stating that no legal changes had occurred since the initial exoneration. The ruling sets a precedent that agreements with prosecutors can resolve tax crime cases without court intervention, though critics warn this may weaken judicial safeguards. The court also noted the three-year delay since the prosecutor’s decision as a key factor, suggesting future rulings could differ under other circumstances.
Germany: AfD Sues Government Over Extremist Classification by Intelligence Agency
On 5 May 2025, Germany’s far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party filed a lawsuit challenging its designation as an extremist organisation by the domestic intelligence agency (BfV). The AfD claims the classification violates its democratic rights under Germany’s Basic Law and constitutes an abuse of power. The BfV labeled the party extremist due to its anti-democratic rhetoric, xenophobic and racist ideology, and ties to right-wing extremist groups. Past court rulings have supported the agency’s concerns. While some politicians are calling for the AfD to be declared unconstitutional, outgoing Chancellor Olaf Scholz has urged caution against banning the party too hastily. The AfD remains Germany’s second strongest party following the February 2025 federal election.
Sudan: Dossier Submitted to Metropolitan Police Alleging RSF War Crimes
On 5 May 2025, a 142-page dossier detailing alleged war crimes by Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF) was submitted to the Metropolitan Police’s war crimes unit in London. Compiled by international law barristers, the document includes evidence of killings, torture, and mass rapes committed during Sudan’s ongoing conflict, now in its third year. The evidence emphasises the principle of “command responsibility,” suggesting that RSF leaders knew or should have known about these atrocities. The lawyers aim for the dossier to assist the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) investigation into RSF crimes in Darfur. The submission coincides with an International Court of Justice case where Sudan accuses the United Arab Emirates (UAE) of aiding genocide by arming the RSF. The United States has reaffirmed its designation of RSF actions in Darfur as genocide. While the ICC focuses on Darfur, war crimes have been reported across Sudan, including a recent RSF attack in Omdurman that killed 31 people. The Sudanese military also faces similar accusations, and its leaders have been sanctioned by the United States. This development underscores the international community’s efforts to hold perpetrators accountable and seek justice for victims of the Sudanese conflict.
Gaza: UN Special Rapporteur Pushes for Accountability for EU Leaders for War Crimes Complicity Amidst Gaza Crisis
On 5 May 2025, United Nations Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese asserted that European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen should be held accountable for complicity in war crimes due to her support for Israel’s military actions in Gaza. Albanese emphasised that immunity should not equate to impunity, criticising European Union (EU) leaders for maintaining normal relations with Israel amidst allegations of genocide. She highlighted the EU’s obligations under the 1948 Genocide Convention to prevent and punish genocide, suggesting that von der Leyen’s continued support for Israel could be seen as enabling such crimes. Legal experts, including Professor William Schabas, acknowledged the plausibility of a case against von der Leyen, citing her influential position and actions that may have encouraged Israel’s conduct. Albanese is also preparing a report to expose various institutions for their roles in supporting the situation in Gaza. A complaint against von der Leyen was previously filed with the International Criminal Court, though no prosecution has commenced.
Gaza: Spain Provides Further Funding for UN War Crimes Investigation
On 5 May 2025, Spain announced an additional contribution of €500,000 (over US$560,000) to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to support investigations into alleged war crimes and human rights violations in Gaza. Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares made this announcement during a session of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Spanish Congress on 5 May 2025. He emphasised the urgent need to end violations of international law and ensure accountability for actions committed in the region. Albares condemned the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza, describing the Israeli blockade, which has been in place since 2 March 2025, as “totally and absolutely unacceptable.” He held the Israeli government responsible for causing an unprecedented famine and stressed the necessity of allowing immediate entry of food and humanitarian aid to save lives. Albares asserted that the civilian population of Gaza deserves dignity and peace, and Spain will continue to demand it. This financial commitment aligns with Spain’s broader stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Last week, Spain participated in oral proceedings at the International Court of Justice, reiterating Israel’s obligations under international law as an occupying power to ensure the basic needs of the population and cooperate with the UN. Spain’s actions underscore its commitment to upholding international law and supporting humanitarian efforts in conflict zones.
Ukraine: Special Tribunal Established to Prosecute Russian War Crimes
On 9 May 2025, the European Union (EU), United Kingdom (UK), and Ukraine jointly announced the establishment of a special international tribunal aimed at prosecuting Russian President Vladimir Putin and other senior officials for the crime of aggression related to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. This initiative, supported by nearly 40 countries and the Council of Europe, seeks to address the limitations of the International Criminal Court, which lacks jurisdiction over crimes of aggression involving non-member states like Russia. The tribunal’s creation coincided with Russia’s Victory Day celebrations, highlighting the stark contrast between Moscow’s military parade and the international community’s push for accountability. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy emphasised the moral imperative of holding Russian leadership accountable, asserting that justice is essential for lasting peace. While the tribunal cannot prosecute sitting leaders due to international legal immunities, it plans to prepare cases to be actionable once such immunities lapse. The tribunal is expected to be based in The Hague and could commence operations by early 2026. It will be funded by supporting nations, including the Netherlands, Japan, and Canada. This move represents a significant step in international efforts to ensure justice for Ukraine and deter future acts of aggression.
Pakistan: Rights Group Criticises Pakistan’s Climate Response Failures, Urging Global Action
On 5 May 2025, Amnesty International’s latest report highlighted Pakistan’s inadequate healthcare and disaster response systems in the face of worsening climate-related disasters, which have disproportionately harmed children and the elderly. The group cited deadly heatwaves and floods—exacerbated by poor evacuation planning and fragile infrastructure—as key contributors to rising fatalities from disease and extreme weather. Amnesty called on Pakistan to improve data collection and health protections, but also emphasised that industrialised nations must bear greater responsibility for reducing emissions and financing climate resilience. The report echoes wider concerns at UN climate talks about insufficient global funding for developing countries like Pakistan, which ranks among the most climate-vulnerable nations.
Israel: UN Condemns Israel’s Ongoing Gaza Border Closures, Citing Humanitarian Crisis
On 6 May 2025, it was reported that the UN Humanitarian Country Team condemned Israel’s nine-week-long border closures, which have halted all humanitarian aid deliveries to Gaza and, according to the UN, violated humanitarian principles by militarising aid rather than coordinating with relief agencies. The closures have caused a severe deterioration in civilian conditions, with food prices surging by over 200% and over 63,000 metric tonnes of aid blocked from entry. UN officials, including relief chief Tom Fletcher and Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese, have strongly criticised the blockade, with Albanese also accusing EU officials of complicity. These developments coincide with recent ICJ hearings on Israel’s restrictions, with a ruling expected soon.
Sudan: Cuts Diplomatic Relations with UAE
On 6 May 2025, Sudan announced it had cut diplomatic ties with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and had withdrawn its embassy staff from Abu Dhabi. Sudan has accused the UAE of supporting the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The Sudanese army has been battling the RSF in a civil war since April 2023. In a statement issued on Tuesday, the Security and Defence Council referred to the UAE as an “aggressor state.” The Council stated that for over two years the world has observed “the crime of aggression against Sudan’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the security of its citizens by the UAE.” The announcement to sever ties with the UAE came just a day after the International Court of Justice (ICJ) dismissed a case put forward by Sudan accusing the UAE of “complicity in genocide” over its alleged backing of the RSF in the western Darfur region. The UAE have denied the accusations.
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250506-sudan-cuts-diplomatic-ties-with-uae/
Myanmar: Junta Further Extends Temporary Ceasefire to Support Reconstruction Efforts Following Earthquake
On 6 May 2025, it was reported Myanmar’s junta had further extended a temporary ceasefire from 6 May to 31 May 2025 to support reconstruction efforts following an earthquake that hit Myanmar on 28 March 2025 which resulted in nearly 3,800 deaths and thousands displaced. The Myanmar Defence Forces chief said the defence forces had extended the temporary ceasefire in an effort “to fully promote disaster relief and reconstruction, safeguard national interests, and help establish lasting, real peace and national stability.” Myanmar has been affected by a prolonged ethnic conflict for many years, where ethnic armed groups have clashed with the military junta. The conflict has led to the displacement of thousands and raised concerns the violence could spill over into neighbouring Thailand.
Niger: At Least 10 Soldiers Killed in Ambush
On 7 May 2025, authorities in Niger reported an estimated 10 soldiers were killed and seven others injured in an attack this week in the Dosso region of southern Niger. Security sources in Niger have attributed the attack to “terrorists” and outlined several of the assailants had been killed and others arrested. Reports indicate 18 soldiers were missing, while three security vehicles were stolen. Niger and its Sahel neighbours Mali and Burkina Faso are fighting an insurgency by jihadist groups linked to Al Qaeda and the Islamic State. In April, an attack in Niger, near the volatile tri-border region where the West African Sahel countries of Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso meet, led to the deaths of 12 soldiers and the abduction of five Indian citizens. In March, an attack on a mosque near the tri-border area resulted in at least 44 civilian deaths, with authorities blaming the attack on the EIGS group, an Islamic State affiliate.
North Korea: UN Official Warns of Ongoing Weapons Tests, Urges Return to Disarmament Talks
On 7 May 2025, a senior UN official expressed concern over North Korea’s continued ballistic missile and nuclear weapons testing, warning it poses a serious threat to global disarmament and non-proliferation efforts. UN Assistant Secretary-General Khaled Khiari condemned Pyongyang’s actions—particularly its ICBM and hypersonic missile launches—as violations of international obligations under treaties like the NPT and IAEA safeguards. He urged North Korea to halt its weapons development and engage in diplomatic efforts toward denuclearisation. The UN also cited North Korea’s ongoing uranium enrichment activities and called for adherence to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, stressing that sustainable peace on the Korean Peninsula must be achieved through dialogue.
Kosovo: Kosovo Suffers Sharp Decline in Press Freedom, Now Ranks Lowest in Western Balkans
On 8 May 2025, it was reported that Kosovo has plummeted to 99th place in the 2025 Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index—its lowest ranking in over 15 years—signaling a serious erosion of democratic norms, accountability, and journalistic freedom. The drop follows years of increasing political interference, media capture, and threats against journalists. Despite a seemingly diverse media landscape, financial dependence and political patronage severely undermine editorial independence. The politicisation of public broadcaster RTK and weakened media regulation, especially the compromised role of the Independent Media Commission, have further damaged trust. Investigative journalists face harassment, violence, and SLAPP lawsuits, while the government’s hostile rhetoric and lack of accountability have cultivated a climate of fear and repression, turning the state into a source of pressure rather than protection for the press.
UN: Security Council Extends South Sudan Mission for One Year
On 8 May 2025, the UN Security Council extended a mandate for the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) for one year until 30 April 2026. The resolution was passed after 12 Security Council members voted in favour, with Russia, China, and Pakistan abstaining. The US proposed resolution maintains UNMISS’ main responsibilities, however there were delays in getting the mandate renewed after significant disagreements between members over the resolution’s wording on gender, climate and human rights, prompting a technical rollover (temporary extension) before a final agreement was reached. The US delegate, Dorothy Shea, emphasised the importance of the UNMISS and expressed concern that South Sudan is on the verge of a broader civil war, with increasing tensions and rising violence. She stated, “the need for peace is paramount.” However, China’s delegate, Sun Lei, criticised the US, and urged the penholder to adopt “an objective and a fair approach,” to try to uphold the unity of the Security Council and to create “the broadest possible consensus.” Russia’s delegate, Anna Evstigneeva, criticised the US for applying pressure on the South Sudan government. Additionally, Pakistan’s delegate, Muhammad Usman Iqbal Jadoon, described the resolution as “unnecessarily politicised” and criticised the US for ignoring concerns highlighted by member states during the negotiations.
Panama: Thousands Protest Over Security Deal Signed with US
On 8 May 2025, Panama President, José Raúl Mulino, stated that he will not renegotiate the terms of an agreement with the US that permits American troops to access Panamanian facilities. Mulino made the statement after widespread protests accused him of undermining the country’s sovereignty. Last month, US Defence Secretary, Pete Hegseth visited Panama and signed the agreement with Mulino. On Tuesday, thousands of Panamanians took to the streets of the capital to protest in what was the largest demonstration against the agreement to date. The following day, the US embassy issued a statement outlining that the agreement does not permit the establishment of military bases in Panama. The presence of US military personnel in Panama is a sensitive issue, as many people still remember the US invasion in 1989, and more recently, President Donald Trump has raised concerns by suggesting that the US should take back control of the Panama Canal. Mulino has insisted the agreement will not lead to US bases in Panama, and asserted “Panama’s sovereignty is not at stake, it’s not handed over, it’s not given.” The newly appointed US ambassador to Panama, Kevin Marino Carbera, said the agreement will enhance their cooperation against drug trafficking and protect the Panama Canal, which he says is the responsibility of both countries. The Panamanian government has maintained that the areas accessible to US troops will always be governed by Panama, and they have the option to terminate the agreement with six months’ notice. In recent weeks, protests have drawn thousands of people to the streets, resulting in disruptions and road closures. Mulino asserts the demonstrations are politically motivated.
https://apnews.com/article/panama-us-canal-troops-8c8f02cd304df057c2d4d774106c21f3
Yemen: MSF Warns that Israeli Airstrikes in Yemen Threaten Humanitarian Disaster
On 8 May 2025, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) warned that Israeli airstrikes on Yemen’s key civilian infrastructure have increased the risk of humanitarian disaster in the country. Yemen’s Health Ministry reported this week that at least seven people were killed and a further 97 injured in strikes targeting the Hodeida port on 5 May and Sana’a airport on 6 May. In a statement, MSF warned that these attacks have damaged critical infrastructure in a country which is already devastated by war and violence. MSF Head of Mission in Yemen, Dennis Habaasa, expressed concern that the escalation could affect the delivery of essential supplies and access to healthcare services in the country. Following the recent attacks, MSF have reported challenges in delivering supplies to Yemen, particularly to medical facilities. They emphasised that both Sana’a airport and Hodeida port are vital entry points for humanitarian aid, and that the destruction of critical infrastructure would be “devastating” for the civilian population. MSF has called for the safeguarding of civilians and the protection of critical infrastructure, as well as the unrestricted flow of humanitarian aid into Yemen.
Weekly News Recap (20 – 26 July 2026) © Photo by UNMEER via FlickrInternational Justice SectionECtHR: Finds Switzerland Violated Articles 9 and 13 in Failure to Provide Applicants Vegan Diet While in State CareICC: Constitutes Trial Chamber in El Hishri Case Concerning Alleged Crimes in LibyaSouth Africa: High Court Closes
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